All about Tithi Pravesh

 Before we go to learn all about the Tithi Pravesh, let us first know what  Tithi is. 

What is Tithi and how is it calculated?

Tithi is the Vedic date based on the luni-solar calendar. It is measured on the basis of longitudes of the sun and Moon. The Sun and Moon make angles as they move on. The total movement of these two luminaries make 360° angle between them in a month. By dividing 360° by 30 (total days of a month) we get a measure of 12° called a Tithi. Therefore, Tithi is a date that is derived by calculating the angular distance between the Sun and Moon. As the angular distance increases at the measure of 12°, the next tithi comes in.

There are 30 tithis (360°÷12°=30) in total in a month. The tithis are grouped in two equal divisions: Sukla Paksha (bright half) and Krishna Paksha (dark half). The moment or point of time, the longitudes of Sun and Moon become exactly the same or in other words, form an angle of 0° or perfectly conjunct that point marks the ending moment of the Amabashya or New Moon. 

Henceforth, the Moon goes ahead of the Sun and with increase of distance between them 15 tithis are formed  until  the Moon travels to  make 180° angle with the Sun (180°÷12°)=15 tithis (Vedic days). The 15 days period of Moon’s displacement from the Sun (0° to 180°) is called Sukla Paksha or bright half as the moon is moving further from the Sun (Waxing Moon). 

Henceforth, the Moon travels ahead towards the Sun; it means the Moon starts moving out from 180° to 360° (another 180° distance) and with completion of each 12° angle with the Sun 15 tithis are formed until the Moon  again meets the Sun to complete  her monthly  cycle of 360° (360° ̶ 180°÷12°=15 tithis) . The period of Moon’s travel from 180° to 360° is called the Krishna Pakshya or Dark half as the moon is nearing the Sun (Waning   Moon)

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Difference between Tithi Pravesh and Varsha Parvesh: -

Tithi Pravesh refers to annual return of a Tithi just as Varsha Pravesh refers to annual solar return. Tithi Pravesh is the Vedic system based on the Luni – Solar calendar and Varsha Pravesh is the Tajik system based on annual solar return, i.e. Sun’s return to its natal sidereal position. Therefore, in this system the important point is the longitude of the Sun of the natal chart.  

On the other hand, in the Tithi Pravesh system the positional relationship of the Sun and the Moon (the father and the Mother) or the angular displacement of the Moon from the Sun holds importance. But both of them serve the same objective: determining the moment of New Year entry and construction annual chart on the basis of this moment.

Importance of the Tithi Pravesh: -

The development of the concept of tithi and tithi pravesh with a view to give the mankind  a scientific process for measuring time and linking happenings of life   with time measure is an proposition put forward by the ancient Hindu scholars of astronomy and astrology. Because of its usefulness, Tithi Pravesh has been inalienable part of individual, social, and cultural lives of Hindu society since the time of ancient seers. As the corroborating evidence, the birth dates of Lord Rama, Lord Krishna, and Ved Vyasa are celebrated on the Tithi Pravesh days. Their birth dates are mentioned below: -

Lord Rama: -   Sukla Navami tithi (the 9^th day of bright half) of the Chaitra montha, the 12 month according to the Luni – Solar calendar (5114 B.C)

Lord Krishna: - Krishna Astami tithi (the 8^th day of the dark half) of Sravana month, the 4^th month according to the Luni – Solar calendar. (3227 BC)

Ved Vyasa: - Purnima tithi (Full Moon day) in the month of Ashada, the 3^rd month according to the Luni – Solar calendar,   (3^rd millennium B.C/ 3000 B.C)

Moreover, the celebration dates of all religious festivals, such as Ganesh Chaturthi, Laxmi puja, Durga puja, and Deepawali, etc (except Sankrantis), religious rituals such annual Shradhas, and cultural festivals are decided on the basis of Tithi Pravesh as per the Luni – Solar calendar. Besides, the date and timings of auspicious moments for conducting social events such as marriages, first ceremonial feeding to new born babies and many more things are fixed on the basis of Tithis and Nakshatras.

 Calculation of Tithi Pravesh: - Tithi Pravesh means annual entry or return of the tithi. The calculation Method of the annual Tithi Pravesh is based on three things: - 1) the month in the Luni – Solar calendar, 2) the Sun sign, and 3) the tithi. 

The Sun sign   in the zodiac identifies the month according to the luni – Solar calendar. Therefore, the month and Sun sign at the moment of birth   serve as anchorage for the near arrival of annual tithi pravesh. Now, the Tithi Pravesh takes place when the Sun transits the natal sign and the Moon in her movement makes the exact displacement angle to the Sun as at the moment of birth. 

In other words, the angle made by the Sun and Moon (angular distance) is exactly the same (in degree, minutes, and seconds) with the angle made by them at moment of birth; and, that angular displacement of the Moon from the Sun marks the Tithi Pravesh.

For example: Lord Rama was born on Sukla Nawami tithi of Chaitra month and the Sun was transiting over Pisces sign. Now Lord Rama’s annual birth anniversary beginning moment falls when Sun is transits the Pisces sign and the Moon displaces by 96° from the Sun and that Nawami tithi continues until the Moon displaces up to 108° from the Sun every year.

Casting of Tithi Pravesh Chakra (chart): - Tithi Pravesh chart is cast taking the point of moment as casting moment when the Moon makes the exact displacement angle to the Sun as that of the natal chart. This is how the time is selected. The rest of the process is the same as that of casting a natal chart.

Now a day, a good software does all the calculation and chart casting work for us in a minute.

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